Enfermedades Coronarias

ENFERMEDADESS CORONARIAS

La enfermedad coronaria, también llamada enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) o cardiopatía isquémica, es el proceso patológico caracterizado por el estrechamiento o bloqueo de las arterias coronarias, consecuencia principalmente de la aterosclerosis, una acumulación progresiva de placas de colesterol, células inflamatorias y tejido fibroso en la pared arterial que dificulta el flujo sanguíneo y puede provocar isquemia miocárdica, con manifestaciones clínicas que van desde angina de pecho hasta infarto agudo de miocardio.

Desde un punto de vista fisiopatológico, la aterosclerosis comienza con la disfunción endotelial, seguida por la acumulación de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) en la íntima arterial, activación de la respuesta inflamatoria y formación de placas que pueden volverse inestables y trombogénicas. Esta obstrucción reduce el suministro de sangre y oxígeno al corazón, afectando la función contráctil y causando daño tisular si la perfusión no se restaura a tiempo.

La enfermedad coronaria es la principal causa de muerte cardiovascular en el mundo occidental, y su incidencia está estrechamente ligada a factores de riesgo como hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabaquismo, obesidad, sedentarismo y otras condiciones metabólicas.

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